Large-scale transformations are taking place in this farming system, resulting in the further marginalization of marginal societies. ICIMOD has carried out systematic research to understand the transformation processes, community engagement and diversification, agro-biodiversity conservation, technological interventions and piloting of alternatives, promoting good agricultural practices within the system, policy studies, policy dialogues and knowledge sharing.

A number of publications from ICIMOD on shifting cultivation have been able to draw the attention of local and national governments in the eastern Himalayan region. REDD Initiative is working with forest departments to on afforestation, reforestation and restoration of fallow and degraded lands.