Back to news
22 Nov 2018 | Cryosphere

Preliminary Findings Suggest Debris Cover Does Not Accelerate Glacier Melt

Preliminary findings from in-situ observations of glaciers in the Karakoram indicate that debris cover does not accelerate glacier melt. This contradicts findings of earlier observations on Himalayan glaciers where thin debris layer has been shown to accelerate the glacier melt process.

2 mins Read

70% Complete
Stakes were installed at each layer – from 0 cm, 1 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm. Picture: Sher Muhammad/ ICIMOD

The finding is an outcome of a joint field expedition carried out through September–October 2018 by researchers from the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), the Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security (IIRES), Yunnan University, and the Global Climate Change Impact Study Centre (GCISC).

Daily melt rates were observed on three glaciers – Hinarchi, Hoper, and Ghulkin – in the Karakoram. The team studied the impact of aspect-wise glacier melt at several debris cover variables – from no debris to a 40 cm thick layer. Temperature data loggers were installed at the debris surface and below debris layer thickness – of up to 40 cm – to assess the relation of temperature variability with surface melt.

The debris cover was adjusted between 0 cm and 40 cm, and a total of eight stakes were installed at debris thicknesses of 0 cm, 1 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm. Stakes were measured every day for about a month to understand the melt rate with varying debris cover and the orientation of the respective glaciers.

“This is the first instance where melt with debris cover variability was observed daily, over a month, on three glaciers. This makes it the longest observed data collected in the Karakoram,” says Sher Muhammad, ICIMOD, who led the field expedition.

All three glaciers followed similar melt patterns in relation to debris thickness. However, the melt rates were slightly different comparatively given the individual aspects of the glaciers. A key finding from this observation was that debris cover does not accelerate melting in a 1 cm–40 cm range. The melt rate decreased with increase in debris cover.

An ad hoc lesson on measuring debris-cover distribution of glacier surface with dGPS. (From L-R: Shaukat Ali, GCISC; Yasir Latif, ITPCAS; Sher Muhammad, ICIMOD/IIRES; Roshan Din Khan, PMAS-UAAR). Photo: Expedition member.

The team also measured debris-cover distribution at glacier surfaces using differential GPS (dGPS). In situ data on debris distribution can be used to validate debris-covered distribution derived from remote sensing data, given the limited field data on Karakoram glaciers. Such measurements can further explain the contribution of glacier melt to river runoff and downstream impact.

The role of debris cover in the glacier melt process continues to be inconclusive and needs further investigation, including the role of cliffs, and supra-glacier ponds over the debris cover. Such observed data add value to further understand the melt process as affected by debris cover.

A detailed analysis of the data collected in relation to temperature changes and other parameters will be published at later dates.

Stay current

Stay up to date on what’s happening around the HKH with our most recent publications and find out how you can help by subscribing to our mailing list.

Sign Up

related content

Continue exploring this topic

Professional Exchange Programme

Dema Yangzom, an engineer from the Department of Hydro-Met Services (DHMS) in ...

10 Jul 2018 CBFEWS
Local Communities Take Ownership of Flood Early Warning System

ICIMOD, partners, and local governments have come together to save lives from flash flooding by installing eleven such community-based flood ...

Bio-briquettes and Bio-composting in Khar

More than a hundred local community members participated in a training workshop in late January to learn about management of ...

9 Jul 2019 HIMAP
Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment Discussed at 2019 UN High-Level Political Forum

The Permanent Mission of Nepal to the United Nations in New York and the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development ...

4 May 2021 Cryosphere
Expanding partnerships on glacier monitoring in Pakistan

A training workshop on glacier monitoring organised with Abdul Wali Khan University (AWKUM), Pakistan marked ...

Opinion: The Hindu Kush Himalayas need institutions for better cooperation

Himalayan countries can look to the Arctic Council, Alpine Convention and the Carpathian Convention to build multilateral cooperation mechanisms, advises ...

14 Sep 2015 News
Experts visit WUMP districts to better understand water availability and use

ICIMOD and HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation Nepal initiated a collaborative action research to develop local Water Use Master Plans (WUMP) for the Koshi ...