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The pandemic’s long shadow

Pema Gyamtsho

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As this news digest reaches you in this first month of 2022 and we while we continue to hope for relief from COVID-19, I’d like to reflect back on all that we were able to accomplish in 2021 despite the limitations. As I reflect back on this year past, I see that the world over, institutions explored new working conditions and many people adopted completely different ways of living. Here at ICIMOD, we embraced the hybrid working environment to ensure the safety of our families, co-workers, and partners. We became better at some things, like organizing webinars and moving training events online, but these are not without their limitations. We witnessed how the development divide reflects starkly in the digital divide and we missed the field work and in-person events that are critically important to our work.

In early spring, we were also dealing with uncontrollable forest fires and high pollution levels across the Himalaya, including in parts of Bhutan, the Indian Himalaya Region, and Nepal. The causes were bone dry conditions, following a particularly dry winter season, which created conditions for one of the worst wildfire seasons in recent memory. Soon after, the monsoon brought heavy rains and floods across the hills and mountains, affecting mountain communities and their livelihoods. The ICIMOD Disaster Task Force responded quickly to two major disasters – the Chamoli and the Melamchi flood events – compiling reports that analysed causes and consequences and the lessons they hold for development planning and disaster risk reduction, particularly the risk of cascading hazards and the need for multihazard risk management. As the UN ESCAP Asia-Pacific Disaster Report 2021 report warns, the convergence of the pandemic with natural hazards, made worse by climate change, has expanded the disaster “riskscape”. To understand and better prepare for future disasters we continue our work on disaster risk reduction, flood early warning systems, and fire mapping and prediction tools.

In June, we welcomed our new Deputy Director General, Izabella Koziell, who brings to the team a great depth and breadth of experience working on research, policy, and development, including on issues critical for our region, like climate change, water, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem degradation. She brought fresh inputs to our preparations for the CBD COP15 and the UNFCCC COP26 meetings, and kick-started preparations on the new ICIMOD Strategy for 2023–2030.

We continue to draw strength and inspiration from our very supportive and committed Board of Governors, ICIMOD Support Group, Programme Advisory Committee, and Finance Committee. Despite the heavy demands on their time, they attended the entire virtual Board Meeting held from 6-10 September to discuss, suggest changes and approve our reports, plans and budget and provide directions on the development of the new strategy. The Board Meeting was highly successful and ended on a very positive note.

We have been engaging in various COP events and processes for over a decade now, focusing on highlighting conservation and development challenges and the aspirations and vulnerabilities of HKH mountain communities. In preparation for COP15 – critically important as it sets direction for the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework – we brought together the CBD focal points from our regional member countries to assess where we stand in terms of biodiversity targets and priorities for the next decade. In preparation for COP26, we brought together the UNFCCC national focal points of our regional member countries, members of the HKH High-Level Task Force, and representatives from the COP26 Presidency. We officially launched our #HKH2Glasgow campaign, amplifying mountain voices for climate action in our region.

At Glasgow, we participated in several key meetings and organized several events at the Cryosphere Pavilion as a part of the Hindu Kush Himalaya Focus Day on 9 November 2021. We were able to make a strong case for ambitious climate action in the HKH, and the Mountains of Opportunity Framework that we presented – which aims to scale up climate-smart investment in six mountain-specific priorities – was strongly supported by the Prime Minister of Nepal and high-level representatives of other regional member countries.

In the last quarter, we invested a great deal of our time in developing the new ICIMOD Strategy 2023–2030. Starting with the Board meeting in September, where we received guidance and inputs from RMC Board members, the ICIMOD Support Group, and the Programme Advisory Committee; the staff consultations in October; and a Strategy Retreat in December, we were able to brainstorm together and consult with partners on the content and strategic direction of our work over the next decade. We are grateful to the Board, ISG and PAC members for responding enthusiastically to our requests for advice and views on the new strategy.

The year ended on a sad note as we mourned the passing of Andreas Schild, our former Director General, who played a significant role in shaping ICIMOD into the organization that is it today. In his honour, we have renamed the ICIMOD Mountain Prize to the Dr Andreas Schild Memorial Mountain Prize. This year’s winners included the Community Homestay Network from Nepal and the Mahila Umang Producers Company from Uttarakhand for their outstanding work and response in building the resilience of HKH communities during the pandemic.

And so, as we reflect on another challenging year gone by, we must think carefully about what a post-COVID future would look like for the Hindu Kush Himalaya. Even after this pandemic curve comes down, as it must, the impacts of the pandemic will linger. The year ahead may or may not bring the curtain down on this crisis, but we enter 2022 better informed and better prepared. It may sound clichéd, but it is well worth repeating that this crisis provides an opportunity for us to pivot away from business as usual and reorient our development pathways to address emerging and systemic challenges, such as climate change, habitat loss, and growing inequality in the region.

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11 Sep 2023 China CN
确保空气洁净蓝天:紧急呼吁全球空气污染公约

近期的空气质量寿命指数(AQLI)报告标题为:“空气污染是地球上人类预期寿命面临的最大外部威胁”。这一严厉警告应该足以激励全球采取行动应对这一最严重且无处不在的威胁。然而,目前还没有专门针对这一“沉默杀手”的全球合作框架或公约。据世界卫生组织称,每年有 700 万人过早死亡与空气污染有关,这比迄今为止死于 Covid-19 的人数还多,而且根据该报告,空气污染对普通人的健康危害比吸烟或酗酒还大。为纪念今年国际清洁空气蓝天日,我紧急呼吁全球和地区领导人建立应对空气污染的全球合作框架。该框架应与解决“三重地球危机”的其中两个要素——气候变化和生物多样性丧失——的框架保持一致。 兴都库什-喜马拉雅地区受到的空气污染的严重影响,根源有很多,包括:机动车辆、工业、焚烧固体生物燃料、农作物秸秆和家庭废物。重要的是,这类受污染的空气并不是某个城市、地区或国家特有的,而是整个印度河-恒河平原和喜马拉雅山麓——横跨北印度次大陆和山脉的数十万平方公里的区域——所共有的。该地区空气中的悬浮颗粒经常超过安全水平,影响着居住在这里的大约十亿人。 正如联合国空气污染倡议所解释的,颗粒物是微小的污染颗粒,这些微小、肉眼看不见的颗粒污染物会深入我们的肺部、血液和身体。约三分之一的中风、慢性呼吸道疾病和肺癌死亡病例以及四分之一的心脏病死亡病例都因这些污染物造成。阳光下许多不同污染物相互作用产生的地面臭氧也是哮喘和慢性呼吸道疾病的原因之一。 美国芝加哥大学能源政策研究所发布的空气质量寿命指数报告显示:“如果污染水平将持续,孟加拉国、印度、尼泊尔和巴基斯坦的居民预计平均寿命会缩短约 5 年。” 报告继续指出,“亚洲和非洲负担最重,但缺乏关键基础设施”。尽管如此,我们还是有理由希望在我们的地区找到可能的解决方案,因为中国在空气污染防治的努力仍然取得了显着成功,而且工作仍在进行中。正如该报告所述,“自 2013 年(即中国开始“反污染之战”的前一年)以来,中国的污染已下降了 42.3%。由于这些改善,如果减排持续,中国公民的平均寿命预计会延长 2.2 年。”

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